(Note: I originally posted this in the "I would die for you" group. But thought the research would be of interest to history buffs and Christian members. There are some updates to the original group page, to add more research.)
The fates of the Apostles of Jesus Christ come from many sources, Biblical books, contemporary historians, archaeological research, and Christian tradition. The list below includes the original 12 apostles, plus Matthais, who replaced Judas Iscariot, and Paul of Tarsus. Those fates that come from just Christian tradition are open to debate by historians, but many fates are verified. Birth and death dates are provided, if historical documentation has specific years (or even possible years) stated. Otherwise, it can be assumed that they lived from the early first century until the mid/late first century.
Andrew, brother of Simon Peter Christian tradition says that he was crucified in Achaia, Greece, in AD 74, by binding (not nailing), to prolong his suffering. A cathedral was built where his remains are believed to lie.
Bartholomew He is believed to have traveled to India, and eventually crucified upside down, in Allanum, Armenia.
James, son of Alphaeus Historians Eusebius and Hegesippus wrote that he was martyred spring of AD 62, in Jerusalem, probably by the Pharisees. Tradition says he was thrown to his death from a high building.
James, son of Zebedee ( ? - 44 ) According to Acts 12:1-2, "It was at this time that King Herod (Agrippa I) laid violent hands on some of the Church members. James, John's brother, he executed with the sword .....". At this time period, that form of death referred to beheading.
Judas Iscariot ( ? - c.33 ) His fate is detailed in the Gospels and Acts. After being overcome with guilt for the betrayal of Jesus, he returned the original bribery of 30 pieces of silver to the Pharisees. He committed suicide by hanging. His dead body swelled in the Sun and bursted open. The Pharisees refused to return the blood money to the treasury, so they purchased the location of Judas' death, Potter's Field, as a burial ground for foreigners. For both the blood spilled and the red clay in the area, that field gained the nickname Akeldama, meaning "Field of Blood".
Jude / Thaddeus He is believed to have preached in what is modern day Iraq before meeting with Simon the Zealot, where they were both killed in Armenia, method unknown.
John, son of Zebedee ( c.6 - c.100 ) He is believed to have adopted Mary as his own mother and took care of her as long as he could. Under the reign of either Nero or Domitian, he was imprisoned, where the Romans attempted to poison him to death. When he survived, they banished him to the island of Patmos. He was later freed, where he continued to preach, well after infirmament, when he had to be carried by his followers. Around the year AD 100 died of natural causes. Ruins of a tomb exist in his believed burial place.
Matthias Tradition says that he was stoned, then beheaded, in Jerusalem.
Matthew / Levi Nothing is known of his true fate or where he died, as his place of travel is anywhere from Persia to Ethiopia.
Paul of Tarsus ( c.5 - c.67 ) He traveled extensively through the Mediterranean. When returning to Jerusalem, he was arrested by the Romans. As a Roman citizen, he requested to be returned to Rome for judgment, as detailed in Acts 21-28. Tradition says that he was under house arrest for two years then either freed for 3 years before being killed or immediately killed. Depending on if he was immediately killed or survived for a few more years before his martyrdom, the last 3 letters attributed to him may have been written by different authors. He was believed to have been beheaded in Tre Fontane, Rome, where a basilica was erected. In 2009, radiocarbon dating of the tomb believed to have been his placed death at the first century. Additionally, an excavation found the inscription "Paul apostle martyr."
Philip He was executed in Hieropolis, Turkey, in AD 52. The method of execution is unknown, but Christian tradition speaks of either beheading or crucifixion. Tradition stated that he was buried with his daughters. In 2011, it was announced that his tomb was discovered and verified.
Simon the Zealot He is believed to have started in Egypt then met with Jude in what is now Iran and martyred. Christian tradition says he may have been hacked to death or crucified.
Simon Peter ( ? - 67/68 ) He led the efforts of spreading the Gospel and eventually founded what became the Catholic Church in Rome. According to historians Tertullian and Origen, he was sentenced to crucifixion by Roman emperor Nero, on Vatican hill, in AD 66. He requested an upside down crucifixation, as he felt unworthy to die as Jesus died. Some of his followers immediately made a grave for him and many others in caverns that lied under the hill. Over the centuries, multiple cathedrals have been built and rebuilt on the hill. The grave was verified in 1968, after extensive testing and archaeological excavations. The Book of Matthew speaks of his mother-in-law, meaning he was married. The location of his wife and possible daughter at the time of his death are not known, but accounts point toward modern day Turkey or their hometown of Bethsaida.
Thomas He was speared to death by 4 soldiers in Cennai, India, after converting King Misdai's wife, Tertia, and son, Vazan, to Christianity. Misdai had him buried in a tomb of ancient kings. His remains, including possessions, were divided and sent back west. In the 16th century, Portuguese explorers built a shrine of the believed burial location. Mt. St. Thomas was named for him near the shrine by Indian Christians.