Dat proton. You see it? No, not that one, the other one. There! What if I told you that proton had the same weight as that electron? Preposterous! Well, before the Big Bang, all the subatomic particles ever had the same mass. No matter how big nor how small. And then the Higgs Boson came around...
So before the big bang, the Higgs Boson field was little to nonexistent. Afterwards, though, nobody knows why, the field got stronger. Think of sand. You know sand is made up of millions of grains. So the Higgs Boson field enveloping us is made of a bunch of Higgs Boson Particles. So we're basically swimming through a field of Higgs Boson Particles. These tens of hundreds of thousands of millions of billions of trillions of particles surround us every day. The Higgs Boson was first proposed in 1964 by Peter Higgs, who saw that some particles (Protons, Neutrons, Quarks) had mass while the physics behind them dictated they should be massless. This led to the creation of the biggest experimental tool ever, the Large Hadron Collider. The Higgs Boson was (Kind of) discovered on July 4, 2013. You see, scientists at CERN found a particle that was chargeless and spinless, and also undiscovered. This was consistent with the theoretical Higgs Boson at the time, so Nobel Prizes and stuff.
What exactly does the Higgs Boson field do?
I'll tell you. The Higgs Boson field gives subatomic particles their masses. That's why a proton weighs more than the practically weightless electron. The proton interacts with the Higgs Boson field enough to gain mass, yet the poor electron doesn't react with the Higgs Boson at all. Think of two cars. One sleek slim racing car and another old rustbucket. The rustbucket isn't streamlined like the car, so it interacts more with the air, making it slower. The streamlined car, however, has little air resistance because the air just passes over it. The car's an electron, and the rustbucket is say, a neutron.
So, remember kids, size isn't everything. It's about how you interact with the Higgs Boson field.